Constitution time
Amendments
12 landmark amendments — full set of 106 coming soon. From 1951 to 2003. Open one to see the year, the articles it touched, and a path back to the explorer.
11st Amendment · 1951Addressed challenges to fundamental rights, particularly Article 19 and property rights.rights77th Amendment · 1956Reorganized states and union territories, establishing the present federal structure.structure2121st Amendment · 1967Made provision for states to levy tax on sale or purchase of goods.governance2424th Amendment · 1971Reaffirmed Parliament power to amend the Constitution and clarified Article 368.procedure2626th Amendment · 1971Abolished the privy purses and special privileges of former princes.structure4242nd Amendment · 1976Known as Mini Constitution; expanded directive principles and redefined legislature-judiciary relationship.governance4444th Amendment · 1978Restored constitutional balance by strengthening Article 21 protections and reinforcing fundamental rights.rights6161st Amendment · 1989Reduced voting age from 21 to 18 years.rights7373rd Amendment · 1992Introduced provisions for panchayati raj (local self-governance) at village level.governance7474th Amendment · 1992Introduced provisions for municipalities (urban self-governance).governance8686th Amendment · 2002Inserted Article 21A (free and compulsory education for children aged 6–14) and recast Article 45 toward early…rights9191st Amendment · 2003Addressed the tenure of Chief Ministers and Governors in coalition governments.procedure