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Part I
1Name and territory of the UnionIndia is one Union of States. The country’s name, and which territories belong to it, come from this opening…2Admission or establishment of new StatesArticle 2 deals with admission or establishment of new States. Read the official clauses below for the exact…3Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing StatesArticle 3 deals with formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing…4Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential mattersArticle 4 deals with laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the…
Part II
5Citizenship at the commencement of the ConstitutionArticle 5 deals with citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution. Read the official clauses below…6Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from PakistanArticle 6 deals with rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan. Read…7Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to PakistanArticle 7 deals with rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan. Read the official clauses below…8Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside IndiaArticle 8 deals with rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India. Read…9Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizensArticle 9 deals with persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens. Read…10Continuance of the rights of citizenshipArticle 10 deals with continuance of the rights of citizenship. Read the official clauses below for the…11Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by lawArticle 11 deals with parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law. Read the official clauses…
Part III
12DefinitionWhen Part III talks about “the State”, it means more than the Union government: State governments,…UPSC13Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rightsIf a law clashes with a fundamental right, that part of the law is void. Later, a clause was added so this…UPSC14Equality before lawThe State must treat people equally before the law. It can classify groups for a genuine public reason, but…UPSC15Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birthCitizens cannot be shut out of public life only because of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.…UPSC16Equality of opportunity in matters of public employmentPublic jobs must be open equally to citizens. Reservations for backward classes, SCs, STs, and economically…UPSC17Abolition of UntouchabilityUntouchability is not a social custom the Constitution will tolerate. Practising it, or enforcing a…18Abolition of titlesThe State cannot hand out aristocratic titles. Military and academic distinctions are the exceptions; even…19Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etcCitizens get six freedoms — speech, assembly, association, movement, residence, and profession — but each…UPSC20Protection in respect of conviction for offencesCriminal law cannot be used as a trap: no punishment under a law that did not exist at the time, no double…UPSC21Protection of life and personal libertyThe State cannot take your life or your personal freedom unless it follows a procedure that is fair, not…UPSC21ARight to educationArticle 21A deals with right to education. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…22Protection against arrest and detention in certain casesIf you are arrested, you must be told why, allowed a lawyer, and produced before a magistrate. Preventive…UPSC23Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labourBuying and selling human beings, begar, and other forced labour are banned. The State may still require…24Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etcChildren under fourteen cannot be put to work in factories, mines, or other hazardous jobs. This is a hard…25Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religionEveryone may hold a faith, practise it, and share it, subject to public order, morality, and health. The…UPSC26Freedom to manage religious affairsA religious denomination can run its own institutions and manage its own religious affairs, again within…27Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religionYou cannot be forced to pay a tax whose proceeds are earmarked to promote or maintain any particular religion.28Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutionsWholly State-funded schools cannot give religious instruction. In other institutions, nobody can be made to…29Protection of interests of minoritiesA group with its own language, script, or culture can conserve it. No citizen should be refused admission to…30Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutionsReligious and linguistic minorities have a right to set up and administer their own educational…31ASaving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etcArticle 31A deals with saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc. Read the official clauses…31BValidation of certain Acts and RegulationsArticle 31B deals with validation of certain Acts and Regulations. Read the official clauses below for the…31CSaving of laws giving effect to certain directive principlesArticle 31C deals with saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles. Read the official…32Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this PartFundamental rights are not merely printed promises. You can go straight to the Supreme Court, which can…UPSC33Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etcParliament may restrict or modify fundamental rights for the armed forces, police, and similar disciplined…34Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any areaWhen martial law is in force, Parliament may indemnify people for acts done to restore order, and validate…35Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this PartOnly Parliament — not State legislatures — can make certain laws that this Part requires, including…
Part IV
36DefinitionIn the Directive Principles, “the State” has the same wide meaning as in the fundamental rights chapter.37Application of the principles contained in this PartDirective Principles are not like fundamental rights: you usually cannot sue to enforce them. They are still…38State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the peopleThe State is told to build a social order based on justice — not only courts, but welfare, so people can…39Certain principles of policy to be followed by the StatePolicy should aim at livelihood for all, equal pay ideas, and so distributing community resources that they…UPSC39AEqual justice and free legal aidArticle 39A deals with equal justice and free legal aid. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…40Organisation of village panchayatsThe State should organise village panchayats and give them enough authority to work as units of local…41Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain casesArticle 41 deals with right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases. Read the…42Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity reliefArticle 42 deals with provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief. Read the…43Living wage, etc., for workersArticle 43 deals with living wage, etc., for workers. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…43AParticipation of workers in management of industriesArticle 43A deals with participation of workers in management of industries. Read the official clauses below…43BPromotion of co-operative societiesArticle 43B deals with promotion of co-operative societies. Read the official clauses below for the exact…44Uniform civil code for the citizensThe Constitution asks the State to work toward a uniform civil code — one set of personal laws for citizens…UPSC45Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six yearsAfter the 86th Amendment, this principle focuses on early childhood care and education up to age six. Free…46Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sectionsArticle 46 deals with promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes…47Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public healthArticle 47 deals with duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to…48Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandryArticle 48 deals with organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry. Read the official clauses below for…48AProtection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild lifeArticle 48A deals with protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life.…49Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importanceArticle 49 deals with protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance. Read the…50Separation of judiciary from executiveThe State should separate the judiciary from the executive in its public services, so the people who judge…51Promotion of international peace and securityIndia’s foreign-policy ideals are written here: peace, just international relations, respect for…
Part IVA
Part V
52The President of IndiaArticle 52 deals with the President of India. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…53Executive power of the UnionArticle 53 deals with executive power of the Union. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…54Election of PresidentArticle 54 deals with election of President. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…55Manner of election of PresidentArticle 55 deals with manner of election of President. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…56Term of office of PresidentArticle 56 deals with term of office of President. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…57Eligibility for re-electionArticle 57 deals with eligibility for re-election. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…58Qualifications for election as PresidentArticle 58 deals with qualifications for election as President. Read the official clauses below for the…59Conditions of President's officeArticle 59 deals with conditions of President's office. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…60Oath or affirmation by the PresidentArticle 60 deals with oath or affirmation by the President. Read the official clauses below for the exact…61Procedure for impeachment of the PresidentArticle 61 deals with procedure for impeachment of the President. Read the official clauses below for the…62Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancyArticle 62 deals with time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of…63The Vice-President of IndiaArticle 63 deals with the Vice-President of India. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…64The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of StatesArticle 64 deals with the Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States. Read the…65The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of PresidentArticle 65 deals with the Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual…66Election of Vice-PresidentArticle 66 deals with election of Vice-President. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…67Term of office of Vice-PresidentArticle 67 deals with term of office of Vice-President. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…68Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice- President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancyArticle 68 deals with time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice- President and the term…69Oath or affirmation by the Vice-PresidentArticle 69 deals with oath or affirmation by the Vice-President. Read the official clauses below for the…70Discharge of President's functions in other contingenciesArticle 70 deals with discharge of President's functions in other contingencies. Read the official clauses…71Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-PresidentArticle 71 deals with matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President.…72Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain casesThe President may pardon, reprieve, or commute sentences in Union matters and in all death sentences — a…73Extent of executive power of the UnionArticle 73 deals with extent of executive power of the Union. Read the official clauses below for the exact…74Council of Ministers to aid and advise PresidentThe President acts on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. That…UPSC75Other provisions as to MinistersThere is a Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister, to aid and advise the President. The Council…UPSC76Attorney-General for IndiaArticle 76 deals with attorney-General for India. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…77Conduct of business of the Government of IndiaArticle 77 deals with conduct of business of the Government of India. Read the official clauses below for…78Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etcArticle 78 deals with duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President,…79Constitution of ParliamentArticle 79 deals with constitution of Parliament. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…80Composition of the Council of StatesArticle 80 deals with composition of the Council of States. Read the official clauses below for the exact…81Composition of the House of the PeopleArticle 81 deals with composition of the House of the People. Read the official clauses below for the exact…82Readjustment after each censusArticle 82 deals with readjustment after each census. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…83Duration of Houses of ParliamentArticle 83 deals with duration of Houses of Parliament. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…84Qualification for membership of ParliamentArticle 84 deals with qualification for membership of Parliament. Read the official clauses below for the…85Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolutionArticle 85 deals with sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution. Read the official clauses below…86Right of President to address and send messages to HousesArticle 86 deals with right of President to address and send messages to Houses. Read the official clauses…87Special address by the PresidentArticle 87 deals with special address by the President. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…88Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects HousesArticle 88 deals with rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses. Read the official clauses…89The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of StatesArticle 89 deals with the Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States. Read the official clauses…90Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy ChairmanArticle 90 deals with vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman. Read the…91Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, ChairmanArticle 91 deals with power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of,…92The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under considerationArticle 92 deals with the Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal…93The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the PeopleArticle 93 deals with the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People. Read the official clauses…94Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy SpeakerArticle 94 deals with vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy…95Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, SpeakerArticle 95 deals with power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or…96The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under considerationArticle 96 deals with the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal…97Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy SpeakerArticle 97 deals with salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy…98Secretariat of ParliamentArticle 98 deals with secretariat of Parliament. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…99Oath or affirmation by membersArticle 99 deals with oath or affirmation by members. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…100Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorumArticle 100 deals with voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum. Read…101Vacation of seatsArticle 101 deals with vacation of seats. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…102Disqualifications for membershipArticle 102 deals with disqualifications for membership. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…103Decision on questions as to disqualifications of membersArticle 103 deals with decision on questions as to disqualifications of members. Read the official clauses…104Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualifiedArticle 104 deals with penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 99 or…105Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereofArticle 105 deals with powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and…106Salaries and allowances of membersArticle 106 deals with salaries and allowances of members. Read the official clauses below for the exact…107Provisions as to introduction and passing of BillsArticle 107 deals with provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills. Read the official clauses below…108Joint sitting of both Houses in certain casesArticle 108 deals with joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases. Read the official clauses below for…109Special procedure in respect of Money BillsArticle 109 deals with special procedure in respect of Money Bills. Read the official clauses below for the…110Definition of “Money Bills”Article 110 deals with definition of “Money Bills”. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…111Assent to BillsArticle 111 deals with assent to Bills. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…112Annual financial statementArticle 112 deals with annual financial statement. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…113Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimatesArticle 113 deals with procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates. Read the official clauses below…114Appropriation BillsArticle 114 deals with appropriation Bills. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…115Supplementary, additional or excess grantsArticle 115 deals with supplementary, additional or excess grants. Read the official clauses below for the…116Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grantsArticle 116 deals with votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants. Read the official clauses…117Special provisions as to financial BillsArticle 117 deals with special provisions as to financial Bills. Read the official clauses below for the…118Rules of procedureArticle 118 deals with rules of procedure. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…119Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial businessArticle 119 deals with regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business. Read…120Language to be used in ParliamentArticle 120 deals with language to be used in Parliament. Read the official clauses below for the exact…121Restriction on discussion in ParliamentArticle 121 deals with restriction on discussion in Parliament. Read the official clauses below for the…122Courts not to inquire into proceedings of ParliamentArticle 122 deals with courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament. Read the official clauses below…123Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of ParliamentWhen Parliament is not in session, the President may issue an ordinance if immediate action is needed. It…UPSC124Establishment and constitution of the Supreme CourtThere shall be a Supreme Court of India, with a Chief Justice and other judges. Their independence is…UPSC125Salaries, etc., of JudgesArticle 125 deals with salaries, etc., of Judges. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…126Appointment of acting Chief JusticeArticle 126 deals with appointment of acting Chief Justice. Read the official clauses below for the exact…127Appointment of ad hoc JudgesArticle 127 deals with appointment of ad hoc Judges. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…128Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme CourtArticle 128 deals with attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court. Read the official…129Supreme Court to be a court of recordArticle 129 deals with supreme Court to be a court of record. Read the official clauses below for the exact…130Seat of Supreme CourtArticle 130 deals with seat of Supreme Court. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…131Original jurisdiction of the Supreme CourtArticle 131 deals with original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. Read the official clauses below for the…132Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain casesArticle 132 deals with appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain…133Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil mattersArticle 133 deals with appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to…134Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in regard to criminal mattersArticle 134 deals with appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters. Read the…134ACertificate for appeal to the Supreme CourtArticle 134A deals with certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court. Read the official clauses below for the…135Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme CourtArticle 135 deals with jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by…136Special leave to appeal by the Supreme CourtThe Supreme Court may grant special leave to hear an appeal from almost any court or tribunal. It is…UPSC137Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme CourtArticle 137 deals with review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court. Read the official clauses below…138Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme CourtArticle 138 deals with enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. Read the official clauses below…139Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writsArticle 139 deals with conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs. Read the official…139ATransfer of certain casesArticle 139A deals with transfer of certain cases. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…140Ancillary powers of the Supreme CourtArticle 140 deals with ancillary powers of the Supreme Court. Read the official clauses below for the exact…141Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courtsWhat the Supreme Court declares as law binds every court in India. That is how a single constitutional…UPSC142Enforcement of decrees and orders of the Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etcArticle 142 deals with enforcement of decrees and orders of the Supreme Court and orders as to discovery,…143Power of the President to consult the Supreme CourtArticle 143 deals with power of the President to consult the Supreme Court. Read the official clauses below…144Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme CourtArticle 144 deals with civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court. Read the official…145Rules of Court, etcArticle 145 deals with rules of Court, etc. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…146Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme CourtArticle 146 deals with officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court. Read the official…147InterpretationArticle 147 deals with interpretation. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…148Comptroller and Auditor-General of IndiaThe Comptroller and Auditor-General audits Union and State accounts. The office is designed to be…149Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-GeneralArticle 149 deals with duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General. Read the official clauses…150Form of accounts of the Union and of the StatesArticle 150 deals with form of accounts of the Union and of the States. Read the official clauses below for…151Audit reportsArticle 151 deals with audit reports. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…
Part VI
152DefinitionArticle 152 deals with definition. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…153Governors of StatesArticle 153 deals with governors of States. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…154Executive power of StateArticle 154 deals with executive power of State. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…155Appointment of GovernorArticle 155 deals with appointment of Governor. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…156Term of office of GovernorArticle 156 deals with term of office of Governor. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…157Qualifications for appointment as GovernorArticle 157 deals with qualifications for appointment as Governor. Read the official clauses below for the…158Conditions of Governor's officeArticle 158 deals with conditions of Governor's office. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…159Oath or affirmation by the GovernorArticle 159 deals with oath or affirmation by the Governor. Read the official clauses below for the exact…160Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingenciesArticle 160 deals with discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies. Read the…161Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain casesArticle 161 deals with power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences…162Extent of executive power of StateArticle 162 deals with extent of executive power of State. Read the official clauses below for the exact…163Council of Ministers to aid and advise GovernorArticle 163 deals with council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor. Read the official clauses below for…164Other provisions as to MinistersArticle 164 deals with other provisions as to Ministers. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…165Advocate-General for the StateArticle 165 deals with advocate-General for the State. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…166Conduct of Business of the Government of a StateArticle 166 deals with conduct of Business of the Government of a State. Read the official clauses below for…167Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor, etcArticle 167 deals with duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor, etc.…168Constitution of Legislatures in StatesArticle 168 deals with constitution of Legislatures in States. Read the official clauses below for the exact…169Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in StatesArticle 169 deals with abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States. Read the official clauses…170Composition of the Legislative AssembliesArticle 170 deals with composition of the Legislative Assemblies. Read the official clauses below for the…171Composition of the Legislative CouncilsArticle 171 deals with composition of the Legislative Councils. Read the official clauses below for the…172Duration of State LegislaturesArticle 172 deals with duration of State Legislatures. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…173Qualification for membership of the State LegislatureArticle 173 deals with qualification for membership of the State Legislature. Read the official clauses…174Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolutionArticle 174 deals with sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution. Read the official…175Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or HousesArticle 175 deals with right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses. Read the…176Special address by the GovernorArticle 176 deals with special address by the Governor. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…177Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the HousesArticle 177 deals with rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses. Read the official…178The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative AssemblyArticle 178 deals with the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. Read the official clauses…179Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy SpeakerArticle 179 deals with vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy…180Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, SpeakerArticle 180 deals with power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of,…181The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under considerationArticle 181 deals with the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal…182The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative CouncilArticle 182 deals with the Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council. Read the official…183Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Chairman and Deputy ChairmanArticle 183 deals with vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Chairman and Deputy…184Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, ChairmanArticle 184 deals with power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of,…185The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under considerationArticle 185 deals with the Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal…186Salaries and allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the Chairman and Deputy ChairmanArticle 186 deals with salaries and allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the Chairman and Deputy…187Secretariat of State LegislatureArticle 187 deals with secretariat of State Legislature. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…188Oath or affirmation by membersArticle 188 deals with oath or affirmation by members. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…189Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorumArticle 189 deals with voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum. Read…190Vacation of seatsArticle 190 deals with vacation of seats. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…191Disqualifications for membershipArticle 191 deals with disqualifications for membership. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…192Decision on questions as to disqualifications of membersArticle 192 deals with decision on questions as to disqualifications of members. Read the official clauses…193Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 188 or when not qualified or when disqualifiedArticle 193 deals with penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 188 or…194Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the members and committees thereofArticle 194 deals with powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the members and…195Salaries and allowances of membersArticle 195 deals with salaries and allowances of members. Read the official clauses below for the exact…196Provisions as to introduction and passing of BillsArticle 196 deals with provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills. Read the official clauses below…197Restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other than Money BillsArticle 197 deals with restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other than Money Bills. Read…198Special procedure in respect of Money BillsArticle 198 deals with special procedure in respect of Money Bills. Read the official clauses below for the…199Definition of “Money Bills”Article 199 deals with definition of “Money Bills”. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…200Assent to BillsArticle 200 deals with assent to Bills. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…201Bills reserved for considerationArticle 201 deals with bills reserved for consideration. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…202Annual financial statementArticle 202 deals with annual financial statement. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…203Procedure in Legislature with respect to estimatesArticle 203 deals with procedure in Legislature with respect to estimates. Read the official clauses below…204Appropriation BillsArticle 204 deals with appropriation Bills. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…205Supplementary, additional or excess grantsArticle 205 deals with supplementary, additional or excess grants. Read the official clauses below for the…206Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grantsArticle 206 deals with votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants. Read the official clauses…207Special provisions as to financial BillsArticle 207 deals with special provisions as to financial Bills. Read the official clauses below for the…208Rules of procedureArticle 208 deals with rules of procedure. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…209Regulation by law of procedure in the Legislature of the State in relation to financial businessArticle 209 deals with regulation by law of procedure in the Legislature of the State in relation to…210Language to be used in the LegislatureArticle 210 deals with language to be used in the Legislature. Read the official clauses below for the exact…211Restriction on discussion in the LegislatureArticle 211 deals with restriction on discussion in the Legislature. Read the official clauses below for the…212Courts not to inquire into proceedings of the LegislatureArticle 212 deals with courts not to inquire into proceedings of the Legislature. Read the official clauses…213Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances during recess of LegislatureArticle 213 deals with power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature. Read the…214High Courts for StatesArticle 214 deals with high Courts for States. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…215High Courts to be courts of recordArticle 215 deals with high Courts to be courts of record. Read the official clauses below for the exact…216Constitution of High CourtsArticle 216 deals with constitution of High Courts. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…217Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High CourtArticle 217 deals with appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court. Read the…218Application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High CourtsArticle 218 deals with application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High Courts. Read the…219Oath or affirmation by Judges of High CourtsArticle 219 deals with oath or affirmation by Judges of High Courts. Read the official clauses below for the…220Restriction on practice after being a permanent JudgeArticle 220 deals with restriction on practice after being a permanent Judge. Read the official clauses…221Salaries, etc., of JudgesArticle 221 deals with salaries, etc., of Judges. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…222Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to anotherArticle 222 deals with transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another. Read the official clauses below…223Appointment of acting Chief JusticeArticle 223 deals with appointment of acting Chief Justice. Read the official clauses below for the exact…224Appointment of additional and acting JudgesArticle 224 deals with appointment of additional and acting Judges. Read the official clauses below for the…224AAppointment of retired Judges at sittings of High CourtsArticle 224A deals with appointment of retired Judges at sittings of High Courts. Read the official clauses…225Jurisdiction of existing High CourtsArticle 225 deals with jurisdiction of existing High Courts. Read the official clauses below for the exact…226Power of High Courts to issue certain writsHigh Courts can issue the same family of writs as the Supreme Court, and for a wider purpose: not only…UPSC227Power of superintendence over all courts by the High CourtArticle 227 deals with power of superintendence over all courts by the High Court. Read the official clauses…228Transfer of certain cases to High CourtArticle 228 deals with transfer of certain cases to High Court. Read the official clauses below for the…229Officers and servants and the expenses of High CourtsArticle 229 deals with officers and servants and the expenses of High Courts. Read the official clauses…230Extension of jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territoriesArticle 230 deals with extension of jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories. Read the official…231Establishment of a common High Court for two or more StatesArticle 231 deals with establishment of a common High Court for two or more States. Read the official…232InterpretationArticle 232 deals with interpretation. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…233Appointment of district judgesArticle 233 deals with appointment of district judges. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…233AValidation of appointments of, and judgments, etc., delivered by, certain district judgesArticle 233A deals with validation of appointments of, and judgments, etc., delivered by, certain district…234Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial serviceArticle 234 deals with recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service. Read the…235Control over subordinate courtsArticle 235 deals with control over subordinate courts. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…236InterpretationArticle 236 deals with interpretation. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…237Application of the provisions of this Chapter to certain class or classes of magistratesArticle 237 deals with application of the provisions of this Chapter to certain class or classes of…
Part VIII
239Administration of Union territoriesArticle 239 deals with administration of Union territories. Read the official clauses below for the exact…239ACreation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union territoriesArticle 239A deals with creation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union…239AASpecial provisions with respect to DelhiArticle 239AA deals with special provisions with respect to Delhi. Read the official clauses below for the…239ABProvision in case of failure of constitutional machineryArticle 239AB deals with provision in case of failure of constitutional machinery. Read the official clauses…239BPower of administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess of LegislatureArticle 239B deals with power of administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature. Read…240Power of President to make regulations for certain Union territoriesArticle 240 deals with power of President to make regulations for certain Union territories. Read the…241High Courts for Union territoriesArticle 241 deals with high Courts for Union territories. Read the official clauses below for the exact…
Part IX
243DefinitionsArticle 243 deals with definitions. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…243AGram SabhaArticle 243A deals with gram Sabha. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…243BConstitution of PanchayatsArticle 243B deals with constitution of Panchayats. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…243CComposition of PanchayatsArticle 243C deals with composition of Panchayats. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…243DReservation of seatsArticle 243D deals with reservation of seats. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…243EDuration of Panchayats, etcArticle 243E deals with duration of Panchayats, etc. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…243FDisqualifications for membershipArticle 243F deals with disqualifications for membership. Read the official clauses below for the exact…243GPowers, authority and responsibilities of PanchayatsArticle 243G deals with powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats. Read the official clauses…243HPowers to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the PanchayatsArticle 243H deals with powers to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Panchayats. Read the official clauses…243IConstitution of Finance Commission to review financial positionArticle 243I deals with constitution of Finance Commission to review financial position. Read the official…243JAudit of accounts of PanchayatsArticle 243J deals with audit of accounts of Panchayats. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…243KElections to the PanchayatsArticle 243K deals with elections to the Panchayats. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…243LApplication to Union territoriesArticle 243L deals with application to Union territories. Read the official clauses below for the exact…243MPart not to apply to certain areasArticle 243M deals with part not to apply to certain areas. Read the official clauses below for the exact…243NContinuance of existing laws and PanchayatsArticle 243N deals with continuance of existing laws and Panchayats. Read the official clauses below for the…243OBar to interference by courts in electoral mattersArticle 243O deals with bar to interference by courts in electoral matters. Read the official clauses below…
Part IXA
243PDefinitionsArticle 243P deals with definitions. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…243QConstitution of MunicipalitiesArticle 243Q deals with constitution of Municipalities. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…243RComposition of MunicipalitiesArticle 243R deals with composition of Municipalities. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…243SConstitution and composition of Wards Committees, etcArticle 243S deals with constitution and composition of Wards Committees, etc. Read the official clauses…243TReservation of seatsArticle 243T deals with reservation of seats. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…243UDuration of Municipalities, etcArticle 243U deals with duration of Municipalities, etc. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…243VDisqualifications for membershipArticle 243V deals with disqualifications for membership. Read the official clauses below for the exact…243WPowers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etcArticle 243W deals with powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc. Read the official…243XPower to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the MunicipalitiesArticle 243X deals with power to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Municipalities. Read the official…243YFinance CommissionArticle 243Y deals with finance Commission. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…243ZAudit of accounts of MunicipalitiesArticle 243Z deals with audit of accounts of Municipalities. Read the official clauses below for the exact…243ZAElections to the MunicipalitiesArticle 243ZA deals with elections to the Municipalities. Read the official clauses below for the exact…243ZBApplication to Union territoriesArticle 243ZB deals with application to Union territories. Read the official clauses below for the exact…243ZCPart not to apply to certain areasArticle 243ZC deals with part not to apply to certain areas. Read the official clauses below for the exact…243ZDCommittee for district planningArticle 243ZD deals with committee for district planning. Read the official clauses below for the exact…243ZECommittee for Metropolitan planningArticle 243ZE deals with committee for Metropolitan planning. Read the official clauses below for the exact…243ZFContinuance of existing laws and MunicipalitiesArticle 243ZF deals with continuance of existing laws and Municipalities. Read the official clauses below…243ZGBar to interference by courts in electoral mattersArticle 243ZG deals with bar to interference by courts in electoral matters. Read the official clauses below…
Part IXB
243ZHDefinitionsArticle 243ZH deals with definitions. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…243ZIIncorporation of co-operative societiesArticle 243ZI deals with incorporation of co-operative societies. Read the official clauses below for the…243ZJNumber and term of members of board and its office bearersArticle 243ZJ deals with number and term of members of board and its office bearers. Read the official…243ZKElection of members of boardArticle 243ZK deals with election of members of board. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…243ZLSupersession and suspension of board and interim managementArticle 243ZL deals with supersession and suspension of board and interim management. Read the official…243ZMAudit of accounts of co-operative societiesArticle 243ZM deals with audit of accounts of co-operative societies. Read the official clauses below for…243ZNConvening of general body meetingsArticle 243ZN deals with convening of general body meetings. Read the official clauses below for the exact…243ZORight of a member to get informationArticle 243ZO deals with right of a member to get information. Read the official clauses below for the exact…243ZPReturnsArticle 243ZP deals with returns. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…243ZQOffences and penaltiesArticle 243ZQ deals with offences and penalties. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…243ZRApplication to multi-State co-operative societiesArticle 243ZR deals with application to multi-State co-operative societies. Read the official clauses below…243ZSApplication to Union territoriesArticle 243ZS deals with application to Union territories. Read the official clauses below for the exact…243ZTContinuance of existing lawsArticle 243ZT deals with continuance of existing laws. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…
Part X
244Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal AreasArticle 244 deals with administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas. Read the official clauses below…244AFormation of an autonomous State comprising certain tribal areas in Assam and creation of local Legislature or Council of Ministers or both thereforArticle 244A deals with formation of an autonomous State comprising certain tribal areas in Assam and…
Part XI
245Extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of StatesParliament may legislate for India; a State legislature may legislate for that State — both subject to the…246Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of StatesLaw-making power is split by three lists: Union, State, and Concurrent. If a subject is on the Union List,…UPSC246ASpecial provision with respect to goods and services taxArticle 246A deals with special provision with respect to goods and services tax. Read the official clauses…247Power of Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain additional courtsArticle 247 deals with power of Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain additional courts.…248Residuary powers of legislationArticle 248 deals with residuary powers of legislation. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…249Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the national interestArticle 249 deals with power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the…250Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to any matter in the State List if a Proclamation of Emergency is in operationArticle 250 deals with power of Parliament to legislate with respect to any matter in the State List if a…251Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament under articles 249 and 250 and laws made by the Legislatures of StatesArticle 251 deals with inconsistency between laws made by Parliament under articles 249 and 250 and laws…252Power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent and adoption of such legislation by any other StateArticle 252 deals with power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent and adoption of…253Legislation for giving effect to international agreementsArticle 253 deals with legislation for giving effect to international agreements. Read the official clauses…254Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament and laws made by the Legislatures of StatesArticle 254 deals with inconsistency between laws made by Parliament and laws made by the Legislatures of…255Requirements as to recommendations and previous sanctions to be regarded as matters of procedure onlyArticle 255 deals with requirements as to recommendations and previous sanctions to be regarded as matters…256Obligation of States and the UnionState governments must comply with parliamentary laws. The Union can give directions to a State to make that…257Control of the Union over States in certain casesArticle 257 deals with control of the Union over States in certain cases. Read the official clauses below…258Power of the Union to confer powers, etc., on States in certain casesArticle 258 deals with power of the Union to confer powers, etc., on States in certain cases. Read the…258APower of the States to entrust functions to the UnionArticle 258A deals with power of the States to entrust functions to the Union. Read the official clauses…260Jurisdiction of the Union in relation to territories outside IndiaArticle 260 deals with jurisdiction of the Union in relation to territories outside India. Read the official…261Public acts, records and judicial proceedingsArticle 261 deals with public acts, records and judicial proceedings. Read the official clauses below for…262Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers or river valleysArticle 262 deals with adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers or river valleys.…263Provisions with respect to an inter-State CouncilThe President may set up an Inter-State Council to talk through disputes and coordination between States,…
Part XII
264InterpretationArticle 264 deals with interpretation. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…265Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of lawArticle 265 deals with taxes not to be imposed save by authority of law. Read the official clauses below for…266Consolidated Funds and public accounts of India and of the StatesArticle 266 deals with consolidated Funds and public accounts of India and of the States. Read the official…267Contingency FundArticle 267 deals with contingency Fund. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…268Duties levied by the Union but collected and appropriated by the StatesArticle 268 deals with duties levied by the Union but collected and appropriated by the States. Read the…269Taxes levied and collected by the Union but assigned to the StatesArticle 269 deals with taxes levied and collected by the Union but assigned to the States. Read the official…269ALevy and collection of goods and services tax in course of inter-State trade or commerceArticle 269A deals with levy and collection of goods and services tax in course of inter-State trade or…270Taxes levied and distributed between the Union and the StatesArticle 270 deals with taxes levied and distributed between the Union and the States. Read the official…271Surcharge on certain duties and taxes for purposes of the UnionArticle 271 deals with surcharge on certain duties and taxes for purposes of the Union. Read the official…273Grants in lieu of export duty on jute and jute productsArticle 273 deals with grants in lieu of export duty on jute and jute products. Read the official clauses…274Prior recommendation of President required to Bills affecting taxation in which States are interestedArticle 274 deals with prior recommendation of President required to Bills affecting taxation in which…275Grants from the Union to certain StatesArticle 275 deals with grants from the Union to certain States. Read the official clauses below for the…276Taxes on professions, trades, callings and employmentsArticle 276 deals with taxes on professions, trades, callings and employments. Read the official clauses…277SavingsArticle 277 deals with savings. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions, exceptions,…279Calculation of “net proceeds”, etcArticle 279 deals with calculation of “net proceeds”, etc. Read the official clauses below for the exact…279AGoods and Services Tax CouncilArticle 279A deals with goods and Services Tax Council. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…280Finance CommissionArticle 280 deals with finance Commission. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…281Recommendations of the Finance CommissionArticle 281 deals with recommendations of the Finance Commission. Read the official clauses below for the…282Expenditure defrayable by the Union or a State out of its revenuesArticle 282 deals with expenditure defrayable by the Union or a State out of its revenues. Read the official…283Custody, etc., of Consolidated Funds, Contingency Funds and moneys credited to the public accountsArticle 283 deals with custody, etc., of Consolidated Funds, Contingency Funds and moneys credited to the…284Custody of suitors' deposits and other moneys received by public servants and courtsArticle 284 deals with custody of suitors' deposits and other moneys received by public servants and courts.…285Exemption of property of the Union from State taxationArticle 285 deals with exemption of property of the Union from State taxation. Read the official clauses…286Restrictions as to imposition of tax on the sale or purchase of goodsArticle 286 deals with restrictions as to imposition of tax on the sale or purchase of goods. Read the…287Exemption from taxes on electricityArticle 287 deals with exemption from taxes on electricity. Read the official clauses below for the exact…288Exemption from taxation by States in respect of water or electricity in certain casesArticle 288 deals with exemption from taxation by States in respect of water or electricity in certain…289Exemption of property and income of a State from Union taxationArticle 289 deals with exemption of property and income of a State from Union taxation. Read the official…290Adjustment in respect of certain expenses and pensionsArticle 290 deals with adjustment in respect of certain expenses and pensions. Read the official clauses…290AAnnual payment to certain Devaswom FundsArticle 290A deals with annual payment to certain Devaswom Funds. Read the official clauses below for the…292Borrowing by the Government of IndiaArticle 292 deals with borrowing by the Government of India. Read the official clauses below for the exact…293Borrowing by StatesArticle 293 deals with borrowing by States. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…294Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in certain casesArticle 294 deals with succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in certain cases.…295Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in other casesArticle 295 deals with succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in other cases.…296Property accruing by escheat or lapse or as bona vacantiaArticle 296 deals with property accruing by escheat or lapse or as bona vacantia. Read the official clauses…297Things of value within territorial waters or continental shelf and resources of the exclusive economic zone to vest in the UnionArticle 297 deals with things of value within territorial waters or continental shelf and resources of the…298Power to carry on trade, etcArticle 298 deals with power to carry on trade, etc. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…299ContractsArticle 299 deals with contracts. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…300Suits and proceedingsArticle 300 deals with suits and proceedings. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…300APersons not to be deprived of property save by authority of lawArticle 300A deals with persons not to be deprived of property save by authority of law. Read the official…
Part XIII
301Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourseArticle 301 deals with freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse. Read the official clauses below for the…302Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourseArticle 302 deals with power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse. Read…303Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the States with regard to trade and commerceArticle 303 deals with restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the States with regard to…304Restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse among StatesArticle 304 deals with restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse among States. Read the official…305Saving of existing laws and laws providing for State monopoliesArticle 305 deals with saving of existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies. Read the official…307Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304Article 307 deals with appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304. Read…
Part XIV
308InterpretationArticle 308 deals with interpretation. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…309Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a StateArticle 309 deals with recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State. Read…310Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a StateArticle 310 deals with tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State. Read the official clauses…311Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a StateArticle 311 deals with dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under…312All-India servicesArticle 312 deals with all-India services. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…312APower of Parliament to vary or revoke conditions of service of officers of certain servicesArticle 312A deals with power of Parliament to vary or revoke conditions of service of officers of certain…313Transitional provisionsArticle 313 deals with transitional provisions. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…315Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the StatesArticle 315 deals with public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States. Read the official…316Appointment and term of office of membersArticle 316 deals with appointment and term of office of members. Read the official clauses below for the…317Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service CommissionArticle 317 deals with removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service Commission. Read the official…318Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the CommissionArticle 318 deals with power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the…319Prohibition as to the holding of offices by members of Commission on ceasing to be such membersArticle 319 deals with prohibition as to the holding of offices by members of Commission on ceasing to be…320Functions of Public Service CommissionsArticle 320 deals with functions of Public Service Commissions. Read the official clauses below for the…321Power to extend functions of Public Service CommissionsArticle 321 deals with power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions. Read the official clauses…322Expenses of Public Service CommissionsArticle 322 deals with expenses of Public Service Commissions. Read the official clauses below for the exact…323Reports of Public Service CommissionsArticle 323 deals with reports of Public Service Commissions. Read the official clauses below for the exact…
Part XIVA
Part XV
324Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election CommissionThe Election Commission, not the government of the day, has superintendence over elections to Parliament,…UPSC325No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sexArticle 325 deals with no person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special,…326Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrageLok Sabha and State Assembly elections are based on adult suffrage. Every adult citizen is a voter unless…UPSC327Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to LegislaturesArticle 327 deals with power of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to Legislatures. Read…328Power of Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such LegislatureArticle 328 deals with power of Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such…329Bar to interference by courts in electoral mattersArticle 329 deals with bar to interference by courts in electoral matters. Read the official clauses below…
Part XVI
330Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the PeopleArticle 330 deals with reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the…332Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assemblies of the StatesArticle 332 deals with reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative…333Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the Legislative Assemblies of the StatesArticle 333 deals with representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the Legislative Assemblies of the…334Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after certain periodArticle 334 deals with reservation of seats and special representation to cease after certain period. Read…335Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and postsArticle 335 deals with claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts. Read the…336Special provision for Anglo-Indian community in certain servicesArticle 336 deals with special provision for Anglo-Indian community in certain services. Read the official…337Special provision with respect to educational grants for the benefit of Anglo-Indian communityArticle 337 deals with special provision with respect to educational grants for the benefit of Anglo-Indian…338National Commission for Scheduled CastesArticle 338 deals with national Commission for Scheduled Castes. Read the official clauses below for the…338ANational Commission for Scheduled TribesArticle 338A deals with national Commission for Scheduled Tribes. Read the official clauses below for the…338BNational Commission for Backward ClassesArticle 338B deals with national Commission for Backward Classes. Read the official clauses below for the…339Control of the Union over the administration of Scheduled Areas and the welfare of Scheduled TribesArticle 339 deals with control of the Union over the administration of Scheduled Areas and the welfare of…340Appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of backward classesArticle 340 deals with appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes. Read…341Scheduled CastesArticle 341 deals with scheduled Castes. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…342Scheduled TribesArticle 342 deals with scheduled Tribes. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…342ASocially and educationally backward classesArticle 342A deals with socially and educationally backward classes. Read the official clauses below for the…
Part XVII
343Official language of the UnionArticle 343 deals with official language of the Union. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule,…344Commission and Committee of Parliament on official languageArticle 344 deals with commission and Committee of Parliament on official language. Read the official…345Official language or languages of a StateArticle 345 deals with official language or languages of a State. Read the official clauses below for the…346Official language for communication between one State and another or between a State and the UnionArticle 346 deals with official language for communication between one State and another or between a State…347Special provision relating to language spoken by a section of the population of a StateArticle 347 deals with special provision relating to language spoken by a section of the population of a…348Language to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etcArticle 348 deals with language to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills,…349Special procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to languageArticle 349 deals with special procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to language. Read the…350Language to be used in representations for redress of grievancesArticle 350 deals with language to be used in representations for redress of grievances. Read the official…350AFacilities for instruction in mother-tongue at primary stageArticle 350A deals with facilities for instruction in mother-tongue at primary stage. Read the official…350BSpecial Officer for linguistic minoritiesArticle 350B deals with special Officer for linguistic minorities. Read the official clauses below for the…351Directive for development of the Hindi languageArticle 351 deals with directive for development of the Hindi language. Read the official clauses below for…
Part XVIII
352Proclamation of EmergencyThe President may proclaim a national emergency if war, external aggression, or armed rebellion threatens.…UPSC353Effect of Proclamation of EmergencyArticle 353 deals with effect of Proclamation of Emergency. Read the official clauses below for the exact…354Application of provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operationArticle 354 deals with application of provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a Proclamation…355Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbanceArticle 355 deals with duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal…356Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in StatesIf a State’s constitutional machinery fails, the President may assume its government — “President’s Rule”.…UPSC357Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356Article 357 deals with exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356. Read the…358Suspension of provisions of article 19 during emergenciesArticle 358 deals with suspension of provisions of article 19 during emergencies. Read the official clauses…359Suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III during emergenciesArticle 359 deals with suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III during emergencies.…360Provisions as to financial emergencyArticle 360 deals with provisions as to financial emergency. Read the official clauses below for the exact…
Part XIX
361Protection of President and Governors and RajpramukhsArticle 361 deals with protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs. Read the official clauses…361AProtection of publication of proceedings of Parliament and State LegislaturesArticle 361A deals with protection of publication of proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures. Read…361BDisqualification for appointment on remunerative political postArticle 361B deals with disqualification for appointment on remunerative political post. Read the official…363Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etcArticle 363 deals with bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties,…363ARecognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolishedArticle 363A deals with recognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be…364Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromesArticle 364 deals with special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes. Read the official clauses below…365Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the UnionArticle 365 deals with effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the…366DefinitionsArticle 366 deals with definitions. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…367InterpretationArticle 367 deals with interpretation. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…
Part XX
Part XXI
369Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List as if they were matters in the Concurrent ListArticle 369 deals with temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the…370Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and KashmirThis article once gave Jammu and Kashmir a special constitutional track. In 2019 that special status was…UPSC371Special provision with respect to the States of *** Maharashtra and GujaratArticle 371 deals with special provision with respect to the States of *** Maharashtra and Gujarat. Read the…371ASpecial provision with respect to the State of NagalandArticle 371A deals with special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland. Read the official clauses…371BSpecial provision with respect to the State of AssamArticle 371B deals with special provision with respect to the State of Assam. Read the official clauses…371CSpecial provision with respect to the State of ManipurArticle 371C deals with special provision with respect to the State of Manipur. Read the official clauses…371DSpecial provisions with respect to [the State of Andhra Pradesh or the State of TelanganaArticle 371D deals with special provisions with respect to [the State of Andhra Pradesh or the State of…371EEstablishment of Central University in Andhra PradeshArticle 371E deals with establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh. Read the official clauses…371FSpecial provisions with respect to the State of SikkimArticle 371F deals with special provisions with respect to the State of Sikkim. Read the official clauses…371GSpecial provision with respect to the State of MizoramArticle 371G deals with special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram. Read the official clauses…371HSpecial provision with respect to the State of Arunachal PradeshArticle 371H deals with special provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh. Read the official…371JSpecial provisions with respect to State of KarnatakaArticle 371J deals with special provisions with respect to State of Karnataka. Read the official clauses…372Continuance in force of existing laws and their adaptationArticle 372 deals with continuance in force of existing laws and their adaptation. Read the official clauses…372APower of the President to adapt lawsArticle 372A deals with power of the President to adapt laws. Read the official clauses below for the exact…373Power of President to make order in respect of persons under preventive detention in certain casesArticle 373 deals with power of President to make order in respect of persons under preventive detention in…374Provisions as to Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings pending in the Federal Court or before His Majesty in CouncilArticle 374 deals with provisions as to Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings pending in the Federal…375Courts, authorities and officers to continue to function subject to the provisions of the ConstitutionArticle 375 deals with courts, authorities and officers to continue to function subject to the provisions of…376Provisions as to Judges of High CourtsArticle 376 deals with provisions as to Judges of High Courts. Read the official clauses below for the exact…377Provisions as to Comptroller and Auditor-General of IndiaArticle 377 deals with provisions as to Comptroller and Auditor-General of India. Read the official clauses…378Provisions as to Public Service CommissionsArticle 378 deals with provisions as to Public Service Commissions. Read the official clauses below for the…378ASpecial provision as to duration of Andhra Pradesh Legislative AssemblyArticle 378A deals with special provision as to duration of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. Read the…392Power of the President to remove difficultiesArticle 392 deals with power of the President to remove difficulties. Read the official clauses below for…
Part XXII
393Short titleArticle 393 deals with short title. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…394CommencementArticle 394 deals with commencement. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions,…394AAuthoritative text in the Hindi languageArticle 394A deals with authoritative text in the Hindi language. Read the official clauses below for the…395RepealsArticle 395 deals with repeals. Read the official clauses below for the exact rule, conditions, exceptions,…