Constitutional bench
Landmark cases
Judgments that expanded, limited, or explained the articles on this desk. Open a case to jump to the related article.
Romesh Thappar v. State of Madras
1950 · Freedom of the press as a facet of speech under Article 19 · Arts. 19
E.P. Royappa v. State of Tamil Nadu
1974 · Equality is a dynamic concept; arbitrariness violates Article 14 · Arts. 14
Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India
1978 · Procedure under Article 21 must be fair, just and reasonable · Arts. 14, 19, 21
Minerva Mills v. Union of India
1980 · Limited amending power; harmony of Parts III and IV · Arts. 32, 38, 39
Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation
1985 · Right to livelihood recognised as part of Article 21 · Arts. 21
Indra Sawhney v. Union of India
1992 · Reservations and the 50 percent ceiling under equality · Arts. 14, 16
Shreya Singhal v. Union of India
2015 · Struck down Section 66A; speech cannot be chilled by vague bans · Arts. 19
K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India
2017 · Privacy declared a fundamental right under Article 21 · Arts. 14, 19, 21
Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Aadhaar)
2018 · Proportionality review of Aadhaar against privacy · Arts. 14, 21
In Re: Article 370
2023 · Upheld abrogation of Article 370 and reorganisation of J&K · Arts. 370, 1