Landmark Supreme Court case · 1981

Ajay Hasia v. Khalid Mujib Sehravardi

Why this case matters

Bodies that are instrumentalities of the State are “the State” under Article 12.

Connected constitutional articles

Article 12 — Definition
When Part III talks about “the State”, it means more than the Union government: State governments, legislatures, and many public bodies under their control can also violate fundamental rights.

This study note summarises the constitutional connection. Verify quotations and legal propositions against the official judgment.