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2026
Modern
Constitutional state · 2026
Constitution of India
Part III — Fundamental Rights
Article32

Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part

(1) The right to move the Supreme Court by appropriate proceedings for the enforcement of the rights conferred by this Part is guaranteed. (2) The Supreme Court shall have power to issue directions or orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari, whichever may be appropriate, for the enforcement of any of the rights conferred by this Part. (3) Without prejudice to the powers conferred on the Supreme Court by clauses (1) and (2), Parliament may by law empower any other court to exercise within the local limits of its jurisdiction all or any of the powers exercisable by the Supreme Court under clause (2). (4) The right guaranteed by this article shall not be suspended except as otherwise provided for by this Constitution.

This wording has been in force since 1950 on this desk.

Judicial interpretation

Fertilizer Corporation Kamgar Union v. Union of India (1981). Article 32 was described as the heart and soul of the Constitution — the guaranteed right to approach the Supreme Court for enforcement of fundamental rights.

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In plain language

The right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of fundamental rights is guaranteed.

Visible by 202644th Amendment impact

Restored constitutional balance by strengthening Article 21 protections and reinforcing fundamental rights.

UPSC relevance
High
Most cited right
Past papers
3
Prelims & Mains
Linked topics
5
Articles + cases
Part IIIFundamental RightsJudicial ReviewUPSC